International Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Although bibliometric analysis is not a new issue in management and business sectors, it ought to be a common and rigorous method in contemporary literature on entrepreneurship and small business management. The current analysis demonstrates the patterns in the literature for the last ten years in the MSEs’ entrepreneurial ecosystem. Based on material published from 2013 to 2022, a bibliometric analysis was performed using the Dimensions database. The number of publications and citations, as well as the nations and organizations that have made a significant contribution to the production of publications in the field during the specified period, have all been determined through the analysis using the VOS Viewer software. The examination of 266 publications in the field revealed that the United States, the United Kingdom, and India are the top three contributors in terms of publications and citations. The analysis suggests that the subject is understudied and that there is insufficient literature. The analysis is considered crucial since it demonstrates the patterns in publications and citations in the field. Therefore, to close the gaps in the literature, it is advised that experts in the field conduct studies on the entrepreneurial ecosystem of MSEs. Full article

The Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly lethal pathogen responsible for Ebola virus disease (EVD), posing significant threats to global public health. This review examines the entry mechanisms, immune evasion strategies, and therapeutic advancements targeting EBOV. The virus infiltrates host cells via receptor-mediated binding, macrophage phagocytosis, and endosomal membrane fusion, processes that facilitate viral replication and subsequent disease progression. We analyze EBOV’s immune evasion tactics, particularly its suppression of innate and adaptive immune responses through viral proteins such as VP35 and soluble glycoprotein (sGP). Current therapeutic strategies are also discussed, including prophylactic vaccines (e.g., Ervebo^® and Zabdeno^®) that effectively prevent infection and monoclonal antibody therapies (e.g., ZMapp, Ebanga^®, and INMAZEB^®) undergoing clinical optimization. Despite progress in EBOV treatment, persistent challenges such as global inequities in vaccine distribution and development hinder effective disease control. Future research should prioritize elucidating host–pathogen interactions to refine therapeutic targets, developing broad-spectrum vaccines to address viral diversity, and enhancing international collaboration to ensure equitable access to treatments in resource-limited, outbreak-prone regions. Full article

This paper investigates the factors influencing blockchain adoption and its impact on firm performance using a panel dataset of NASDAQ-listed companies. Drawing on the Resource-Based View and Transaction Cost Theory, we employ an Endogenous Treatment Effects model to address self-selection bias. The results reveal that organisational capabilities, such as firm size and sales growth, enable blockchain adoption, while intangible intensity and capital expenditure intensity act as barriers. Industry-wide adoption shows limited influence, suggesting underdeveloped network effects. Blockchain adoption significantly improves operational performance, as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), but has no significant effect on Tobin’s Q, a market-based performance measure. This result highlights investor scepticism and delayed value realisation. The study argues for strategic communication to bridge this perception gap and calls for policy initiatives to address adoption barriers and promote blockchain’s widespread implementation. Full article

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of infrastructure by detecting and assessing structural damage through advanced sensing and analytical techniques. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into SHM offers significant advantages over traditional methods, enabling real-time, continuous monitoring and predictive maintenance. This approach enhances the accuracy of structural issue detection, allowing for timely intervention before issues become critical, thereby reducing maintenance costs and improving safety. This article examines the application of various AI methods, including supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning, to optimise SHM under different conditions. By exploring hybrid approaches that combine these AI techniques, this study demonstrates how such integrations can improve the accuracy, adaptability, and reliability of SHM systems, ultimately contributing to safer and more cost-effective infrastructure management. Full article

This paper introduces cryptocurrency into a two-country open-economy model. Based on the theoretical model, we employ the TVP-VAR model to study the dynamic interdependence among interest rate spread (a proxy in the monetary market), exchange rate (a proxy in the forex market), and Bitcoin transactions (a proxy in the cryptocurrency market). The key finding is that Bitcoin has an effect of de-fiatization in the global financial market. When there is a higher divergence in monetary policy between the US and China, Bitcoin attracts greater attention with a higher price, posing a competing force against USD. When there are greater fluctuations in the exchange rate of USD/CNY, Bitcoin diverts investors from CNY. The fiat currencies of the two largest economies are both losers while Bitcoin gains. Therefore, cryptocurrency not only decentralizes the role of commercial banks as a medium of payment, but also decentralizes the role of central banks as a monetary policymaker. In face of this challenge, it is suggested that central banks should embrace blockchain technology and develop their own digital currency to restore the trust lost in the global financial crisis. International collaborations in terms of regulation are necessary given its borderless and authority-less feature. Full article

The internationalization of the Renminbi (RMB) has become a practical reality in global financial markets and economic dynamics. Understanding the mechanism of currency flowback, the movement of the RMB back to China’s domestic financial system after being utilized abroad, is crucial in comprehending the evolving landscape of global finance and China’s position within it. This article investigates the relationship between currency flowback and RMB internationalization through theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, and model simulations. The opening of bond markets plays a pivotal role in facilitating currency flowback and promoting RMB internationalization by attracting foreign investors and increasing the liquidity of domestic bond markets. A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model incorporating bond market opening-up illustrates the potential for improved financial stability and economic resilience. However, the conclusions drawn from simulations are contingent on maintaining a moderate foreign holding ratio of domestic bonds to mitigate risks associated with excessive foreign ownership. Full article

This paper explores the challenges in the internationalization of local currencies and the establishment of a robust International Currency Circulation (ICC) mechanism. Employing an innovative Agent-Based Model (ABM) grounded in Behavioral Finance, our research examines the interdependence between currency circulation and inter-bank treasury bond market. Through simulations, we analyze the impacts of monetary policies, increased overseas holdings, and investor sentiments on treasury bond prices and market activities. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of a robust monetary policy, the strategic optimization of market structures through overseas institutions, and the non-linear relationship between investor sentiment and treasury bond prices. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and academics, emphasizing measures to enhance market efficiency and stability in the realm of international currency circulation. Full article

Over time, the colors in old Tangka paintings can fade due to various factors, including exposure to light, air pollution, humidity, and dust deposition. Interestingly, the frame acts as a physical barrier between the artwork and its surroundings, offering some protection against the harmful factors that contribute to color fading. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to recover the faded colors of Tangka paintings by leveraging the visual cues provided by the frame-covered area. Our method involves the development of an interactive annotation pipeline and the utilization of histogram matching for color restoration. We applied this approach to faded, aged Tangka paintings in Palace Museum’s collection and achieved visually plausible color recovery, even for intricate patterns that are challenging to restore manually. Full article

This paper examines the historical development and cross-sectional heterogeneities of Financial Market Infrastructure (FMI). From an evolutionary perspective, we review and compare FMIs in the US, Europe, and China. We identify an emerging trend in which the development of FMI is transitioning from digitalization to tokenization with the rise of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). Digitalization reinforces centralization, while tokenization promotes decentralization, posing complex challenges to regulatory framework which is also part of FMI. We then specifically analyze DLT-based FMI in the bond market, evaluate different models of tokenization, and propose a heterogeneous consortium blockchain solution. Full article

This paper comprehensively reviews how innovation and growth are modelled in theoretical and empirical literature. We distinguish between economic modelling (microfounded) and econometric modelling (ad hoc). The two modelling approaches are complementary to each other for their comparative advantages in causality identification and forecasting performance. Popular models of the two approaches are illustrated and compared. We also propose an eclectic approach to combine the two approaches in one analysis framework. Full article

The contamination of water resources has become a significant challenge that threatens the health and well-being of people’s daily life; it calls for new technologies to be applied for water purification. Heterogeneous Fenton or Fenton-like techniques have a lot of potential as a new approach for treating wastewater because of the advantages in efficiency, safety, and economics. Various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are comprehensively reviewed in this work, and the •OH generation methods including chemical, electro-chemical, and photochemical approaches are summarized. Some key parameters that influence the reaction efficiency such as the temperature, catalysts, H₂O₂ dosage, and pH are investigated. The reaction mechanism and process optimization of photocatalysis are specifically highlighted. Full article